Foundations基礎
Start here. Before the five-part journey, one chapter sets the vocabulary the whole course is built on — system, property, state, process, and cycle — along with the state postulate that ties properties to states.從這裡開始。在五段旅程之前，先以一章建立全課程賴以運作的詞彙——系統、性質、狀態、過程與循環——以及將性質與狀態連結起來的狀態假設。
Property性質
The building blocks. Properties are the measurable quantities that describe a substance — pressure, volume, temperature, and the internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy built from them.基礎構件。性質是描述物質的可量測量——壓力、體積、溫度，以及由此構建的內能、焓與熵。
State狀態
Two independent intensive properties define a thermodynamic state. Fix any two and every other property follows — that is the state postulate.兩個獨立的強度性質決定熱力學狀態。固定任意兩個，其他所有性質隨之確定——這就是狀態假設。
Laws定律
The governing principles. The first law accounts for energy in every transformation; the second law sets the direction change can take and gives us entropy as its measure.支配原理。第一定律計算每次轉換中的能量；第二定律確定變化的方向，並以熵作為其量度。
Process過程
Two states are connected by a process — the path a system takes from one state to another.兩個狀態由過程連接——系統從一個狀態到另一個狀態所走的路徑。
Cycle循環
At least two processes joined end-to-end form a cycle that returns to its starting state.至少兩個過程首尾相連形成循環，使系統回到初始狀態。